Global Debt Hits Record $338 Trillion, Warns IIF

Global debt surged to a record $337.7 trillion by mid-2025, driven by loose financial conditions, currency effects, and accommodative central bank policies. Emerging markets now face more than $3.2 trillion in bond and loan redemptions through year end, raising stress signals for fiscal sustainability and capital markets. The debt-to-GDP ratio is over 324% globally, and 242.4% in emerging economies.