The global economy is showing signs of strain as it enters November 2025, facing headwinds from geopolitical fragmentation, trade tensions and policy divergence. Businesses in advanced economies are encountering soft demand while cost pressures linger. A key concern is that structural shifts—such as technology decoupling and supply-chain re-engineering—are creating a transitional phase rather than a cyclical slowdown. Analysts say markets may face turbulence unless productivity gains, investment flows and policy clarity converge to stabilise growth momentum across regions.