In a new report, Bank of America outlines five sweeping changes expected to shape the global economy by 2030: widespread adoption of AI and robotics, rising infrastructure investment, an energy-materials super-cycle, heightened cybersecurity threats and evolving labour patterns. The report warns that while productivity may improve, job-roles will shift and cost pressures may rise. Investors and corporate strategists are advised to review capital-allocation and workforce strategies in light of these long-term trends. :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}